Mark Corson

By M. Olivier. Tennessee State University. 2018.

Add 1 to 3 dessertspoons of Leaves buy epivir-hbv 100 mg without a prescription, Stem and Root: Solanum nigrum is an annual plant mustard flour and stir cheap epivir-hbv 100mg on-line. The stem is erect discount 150mg epivir-hbv with visa, leafy and angular Daily Dosage: The poultice is placed on the chest for about with outward-inclined branches. The leaves are fleshy, 10 minutes (with a maximum of 3 to 5 minutes for children). Overdoses resulting from the intake of large quantities of fresh foliage with high alkaloid content could lead to Habitat: The plant is found worldwide. Mode of Administration: The herb is available as a ground drug, tincture and liquid extract for internal and external use. Not to be Confused With: Black Nightshade was often called Petty (a corruption of "petit") Morel, to distinguish it from Preparation: To prepare a rinse or moist compress, add a the Deadly Nightshade, or Great Morel, as it is also handful of drug to 1 liter of water and boil for 10 minutes. Other Names: Garden Nightshade, Petty Morel, Poisonberry Daily Dosage: Externally, use as a compress or rinse. Externally, the herb is used for psoriasis, hemorrhoids, abscesses, Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3, eczema and bruising. Homeopathic Uses: Black Nightshade is used for cerebral Sultana S, Perwaiz S, Iqbal M, Athar M, Crude extracts of and meningeal irritation. No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. It influences liver and metabolic functions, and Black Pepper has an insecticidal effect. Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the berries, which ders and digestion problems, neuralgia and scabies. Flower and Fruit: The inflorescences are pendulous, axillary Indian Medicine: Indian uses include arthritis, asthma, fever, spikes 5 to 15 cm long containing over 100 inconspicuous coughs, catarrh, dysentery, dyspepsia, flatulence, hemor- white florets. The florets have 1 large ovary with 3 stigmas, rhoids, hiccoughs, urethral discharge and skin damage. Homeopathic Uses: Piper nigrum is used for irritation of the mucous membranes and galactorrhea. Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is actually a liane, which in cultivation is trained on posts or wire. The stem is strong and woody, and the leaves are No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction cordate, glossy and pale green. The leaves are 5 to 10 cm with the proper administration of designated therapeutic wide, 8 to 18 cm long and are on 5 cm long petioles. Once the shell has been removed, the green stone-fruit Homeopathic Dosage: 5 to 10 drops, 1 tablet or 5 to 10 is sun-dried or roasted, after which it blackens. Freist W, Der scharfe Geschmack des Pfeffers - Ein altes Ratsel, nur teilweise gelost. Evaluation of the Liver Protective Potential 25%), limonene (15-20%), caryophyllene (10-15%), beta- of Piperine, an Active Principle of Black and Long Peppers. Homeopathic Uses: The drug is used for diarrhea and Teuscher E, Biogene Arzneimittel, 5. Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is a perennial herb, which Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. The leaves are whorled (4 to 7 in one whorl), pflanzliche Homoopathika, Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, New lanceolate, on short petioles, pointed and finely serrate. Production: Black Root and its rhizome are the complete underground parts of Leptandra virginica. The small Cinnamic acid derivatives: including among others 4-me- fruit forms a black or reddish-black aggregate fruit, the thoxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid and their blackberry. The generally blunt stems are densely covered in tough thorns that creep or curve backward. Habitat: The plant is indigenous to Europe and has It is also a cholagogue and a laxative. Mode of Administration: Balckbeny leaf is available as Each lobe is pinnatifid and ends in numerous tips. There are crude drug for infusions and other preparations for internal 8 to 209 tubes per leaf. Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the dried thallus and the fresh thallus of Bladderwrack. They are either cordate or ovately Phenylpropane derivatives: 1-p-cumaroyl-glucoside flattened with grainy bladders. Beside this midrib there are often The drug was formerly used internally in the treatment of scattered pores and numerous air-filled bladders. The active substances in Bladderwort increase gallbladder secretions; Habitat: The plant is found on the North Sea coast, the consequently, the drug is used to treat skin and mucous western Baltic coast, and on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The algae are harvested with the proper administration of designated therapeutic when the tide is out, then washed in fresh water and dried at dosages. Bladderwort is used internally and externally in Rockwrack other parts of the world. To prepare an anti- Inorganic iodine salts inflammatory infusion for external use, add 6 gm of drug per Organically-bound iodine: in particular in proteins and 100 ml of water. Externally, the anti-inflammatory infusion (strongly sulfated) is used in mouthwashes, cleansers, cosmetics and face packs. Hegnauer R, Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11: Its use in the treatment of thyroid conditions associated with Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin 1962-1997. There is information on its apparent usefulness in weight reduction, which must be strongly criticized for the reasons given above.

Folk medicine uses include dysentery discount 150mg epivir-hbv with visa, long and 2 to 4 mm wide buy 150 mg epivir-hbv with amex, loculicidal capsule epivir-hbv 100 mg amex, which is black dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, impairment of hearing and when ripe, with numerous double slit winged seeds. Externally, the drug is used for bums, Leaves and Trunk: Corynanthe pachyceras is a tree that wounds, ulcers and swelling caused by insect bites, open grows up to 20 m high. The leaves are opposite, with simple wounds, sore nipples, corns, inflammation of the throat, lamina that are paper-like. The lamina grow from 15 to 25 hemorrhoids, eczema, stomatitis, oral fungal infections and cm long and 5 to 7 cm wide. They are elongate-ovate with inflammation of mucous membranes and for the treatment of approximately 12 mm long stipules. A gargle of diluted juice made glabrous and the trunk bark is dark green to reddish brown. Freshly pressed leaves and their juice is used with Cinchonae cortex and sometimes with Yohimbe Cortex. Poultices are Indole alkaloids of the beta-carboline and oxindole type: prepared using crushed fresh leaves. The drug is spasmolytic, blood pressure reduc- ing and also mildly analgesic and locally anesthetic in effect. Flower and Fruit: The inflorescence is flat cymes of umbels with creamy white flowers. The fruit is a Unproven Uses: In folk medicine, Hvvema Bark preparations schizocarp or capsule. The leaves No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper are simple or lobed and opposite. The symptoms observed included convulsions solid with a slight splitting structure. Overdoses among humans could conceivably lead to signs of Production: Hydrangea root is the root of Hydrangea poisoning. It is filtered after cooling Volatile oil and the solution is concentrated to double the weight of the Isocoumarin derivatives: including, among others, drug. According to information in older medical litera- (Drogen), Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1992- ture, the intake of larger dosages can lead to dizziness, 1994 feelings of constriction in the chest and central nervous system disorders. Pflanzenallergene, ecomed Medicinal Parts: The medicinal parts are the leaves, the Verlagsgesellsch. Leaves, Stem and Root: The plant is an evergreen subshrub Lewin L, Gifte und Vergiftungen, 6. The leaves are sessile, lanceolate, acute, entire-margined, punctate, glabrous, dark green and paler Madaus G, Lehrbuch der Biologischen Arzneimittel, Bde 1-3, Nachdruck, Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1979. Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte, Characteristics: The plant has a weak sweetish smell. Habitat: The plant is indigenous to southern Europe and grows wild in the Mediterranean region. Hydrangea arborescens Production: Hyssop herb consists of the fresh or dried See Hydrangea aboveground parts of Hyssopus officinalis. Hyssop oil consists of the essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis, obtained by steam distillation. Extracts of the leaves are antimicro- See African Potato bial, antiviral (herpes simplex) and mildly spasmolytic. The thalius is from gentle stimulation of circulation, for intestinal catarrhs, for 2 to 6 cm high, erect, dichotomously branched, with a 1 to 10 diseases of the respiratory tract, colds, chest and lung cm wide section. General: No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Characteristics: Iceland Moss tastes bitter, and when wet, Isolated cases of tonic-clonic spasms have been observed has a smell reminiscent of seaweed. Habitat: Grows in the boreal, alpine and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and in some regions of the Pregnancy: Not to be used during pregnancy. The drug has an demulcent effect due to the sesquitering action of the polysaccharides. An ethanol precipitation of the aqueous extract containing lichenan and isolichenan demon- Hyssopus officinalis strated an antitumoural effect in animal tests. They are greenish-white, Mode of Administration: Comminuted thallus for infusions pubescent and have a 2-valved superior ovary. The fruit is a and other galenic formulations for internal use; comminuted golden-yellow berry. The berry is up to 13 cm wide and has thallus preferably for cold maceration and other bitter-tasting a hard exocarp. The seeds are 2 to 3 cm long by 2 cm wide, oval or rounded-angular, obtuse and very hard. It bears leaves that are up to 25 cm long, broad-ovate, opposite and short- Daily Dosage: The average daily dose is 4 to 6 gm. Habitat: The plant is common all over southeastern Asia and Homeopathic Dosage: 5 drops, l tablet, 10 globules every 30 is cultivated there; especially in Vietnam and the Philippines. Homeopathic Uses: The drug is used for nervous disorders, cramps in hollow organs and muscles, and depressive states. The lethal dosage for an adult is approximately 50 mg strychnine (1-2 gm of the drug). Chronic intake of subconvulsive dosages can also lead to death under similar conditions after Ilex aquifolium a period of weeks. This is due to an accumulation of drug in the body, particularly in those who have liver damage. See Holly Following the administration of a watery suspension of activated charcoal, the therapy for poisoning consists of keeping external stimulation to a minimum through place- Ilex paraguariensis ment in a quiet, warm, darkened room.

Odynophagia that occurs with liquids suggests up- r Anycoexistent pancreatic proven epivir-hbv 150 mg, endocrine or multisystem peroesophageal ulceration discount 100 mg epivir-hbv free shipping. Chapter 4: Clinical 141 r Family history of gastrointestinal neoplasia buy epivir-hbv 100 mg lowest price, inflam- hypokalaemia) and neurological diseases (spinal cord matory bowel disease or coeliac disease. Associated symptoms In young patients (under 45 years) with symptoms r Constipation may cause colicky abdominal pains due suggestive of functional bowel disease, a normal exam- to peristalsis. This is common and not necessarily due ination and negative screening tests, no further investi- to aserious underlying disease. If atypical findings are present, a r Pain on passage of stool due to anorectal disease may sigmoidoscopy should be performed. In older patients lead to a deliberate suppression of the urge to defe- colonoscopy with ileoscopy should be performed with cate and therefore the accumulation of large, dry, hard biopsy and histological examination of any suspicious stools and constipation. Alternating It is important to determine if the bleeding is fresh bright constipation and diarrhoea, often with bloating, pas- red or dark,andwhetheritisonthesurfaceofthestoolor sage of mucus, and abdominal pains that are relieved mixed in. Bright red blood on the toilet paper after wip- by defecation, is commonly due to a functional bowel ing is usually due to haemorrhoids. However, it is im- in with the stool, or associated with various abdominal portant to exclude malignancy if patients are over 45 symptoms, other pathology should be sought, in partic- years or there are any suspicious features. Rectal blood with other conditions including depression and any ma- may occur with infection or inflammation of the bowel lignancy. It is important to consider gastrointestinal ma- together with weight loss, this suggests either malab- lignancy in any case of rectal bleeding. The history should establish the du- Constipation ration and severity of weight loss. Hard, dif- The acute abdomen introduction ficulttopassstoolsarealsoconsideredconstipation,even if frequent. The patient is often generally unwell and may be shocked due to dehydration and loss of fluid into extravascular Management spaces such as the lumen of the bowel and the abdominal Patients may require resuscitation, and general manage- cavity. Investigations r If shocked, a fluid balance chart should be started and r Full blood count (often normal, but leucocytosis may where appropriate urinary catheterisation to monitor be present). Gallbladder Acute cholecystitis Colon Diverticulitis Fallopian tube Pelvic inflammatory disease Prevalence Pancreas Acute pancreatitis Dyspepsia has a prevalence of between 23 and 41% in Obstruction Western populations. Intestine Intestinal obstruction Biliary system Biliary colic Aetiology/pathophysiology Urinary system Ureteric obstruction/colic. Acute urinary retention Diagnosesmadeatendoscopyincludegastritis,duodeni- Ischaemia tis or hiatus hernia (30%); oesophagitis (10–17%); duo- Small/large bowel Strangulated hernia denal ulcers (10–15%); gastric ulcers (5–10%) and oe- Volvulus sophageal or gastric cancer (2%); however, in 30% the Mesenteric ischaemia endoscopy is normal. Functional dyspepsia describes the Perforation/rupture Duodenum/ Perforation of peptic ulcer or presence of symptoms in the absence of mucosal abnor- stomach eroding tumour mality, hiatus hernia, erosive duodenitis or gastritis. Colon Perforated diverticulum or tumour Fallopian tube Ruptured ectopic pregnancy Clinical features Abdominal aorta Ruptured aneurysm Patients may complain of upper abdominal discomfort, Ruptured spleen Trauma retrosternal burning pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Nonsurgical causes Myocardial infarction, gastroenteritis (inc. Epigastric mass Suspicious barium meal Previous gastric ulcer Clinical features Peritonitis presents with pain, tenderness, rebound ten- derness and excessive guarding. Antise- the pain, so patients often lie very still and have a rigid cretorydrugs(i. At endoscopy, biopsy and urease tests should be Infection may spread to the blood stream (septicaemia) performed. In patients under the age of 55 years with significant symptoms but without any ‘alarm symptoms or signs’ antisecretory agents may be commenced. It is recom- Microscopy mended that such patients should undergo Helicobac- An acute inflammatory exudate is seen with cellular in- ter pylori testing and where appropriate, eradication filtration of the peritoneum. Investigations The diagnosis is clinical, further investigation depends on the possible underlying cause. Peritonitis Definition Management Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneal lining of the Managementinsecondaryperitonitisisaimedatprompt abdomen. Peritonitis may be acute or chronic, primary surgical treatment of the underlying cause (after ag- or secondary. Primary or postoperative peri- tonitis, which is non-surgical in origin, is managed medically. Patients undergo- Intestinal obstruction ing peritoneal dialysis are at particular risk of recur- Definition rent acute peritonitis, which may result in fibrosis and Intestinal obstruction results from any disease or process scarring preventing further use of this type of dialysis. It may be Chronic liver disease patients with ascites are at risk acute, subacute, chronic or acute on chronic. Aetiology r Chronic infective peritonitis occurs from tuberculous The common causes vary according to age. Childrendevelopintestinalobstructionfromex- lae conniventes) whereas large bowel markings (haus- ternal hernia, intussusception or surgical adhesions. Erect adults external hernia, large bowel cancer, adhesions, di- abdominal X-ray may demonstrate fluid levels and any verticular disease and Crohn’s disease may all cause ob- co-existent perforation. Management Pathophysiology Following resuscitation, prompt diagnosis and opera- r The bowel may obstruct from an intraluminal mass, tion are essential to avoid strangulation. Theremaybecompressionofblood r Hernias are reduced and repaired, adhesions and vessels and a consequent ischaemia. As the ex- r Gallstones or food bolus causing intraluminal ob- tracellular pressure rises arteries become obstructed struction are milked into the colon. Clinical features Right colonic obstruction: Patients present with pain, vomiting and a failure to pass r Obstructive lesions of the right colon are managed by faeces or flatus.

After thus wrestling with death for an hour cheap epivir-hbv 100mg visa, he would cough up little cartilaginous pieces which would ease him for a very short time epivir-hbv 100 mg low cost. Having returned home to Osterode he suffered continually for two years of this disease buy 100 mg epivir-hbv free shipping, being attacked about ten times a day, which could not even be mitigated through the help of his physician, Beireis) (5 A boy of 13 years having suffered from his childhood with tinea capitis had his mother remove it for him, but he became very sick within eight or ten days, suffering with asthma, violent pains in the limbs, back and knee, which were not relieved until an eruption of itch broke out over his whole body a mouth later. It was not until she stopped taking the medicines, and the tinea broke out again, that she recovered her cheerfulness and this, indeed, quickly. A 3-year-old girl had the itch, for several weeks; when this was driven out by an ointment she was seized the next day by a suffocating catarrh with snoring, and with numbness and coldness of the whole body, from which she did not recover until the itch re-appeared. Six days afterward, having taken an internal medicine containing sulphur, the itch again appeared and all the ailments, excepting the swelling, disappeared but after twenty-four days the itch again dried up, which was followed by a new inflammation in the chest with pleurisy and vomiting. But soon after, there ensued a periodical asthma which was suddenly increased by a lengthy foot-tour in the heat of summer, even to suffocation, with a puffed up bluish-red face and quick, weak, uneven pulse. After two blood-lettings her strength decreased so much and the asthma was so much augmented that she died on the following day. Thereupon he was seized with inflammation in the chest with bloody expectoration, dyspnoea and great anguish. The following day the heat and the anguish became almost unbearable and the pains in the chest increased on the third day. But be had a relapse, the itch dried up again and he died on the 13th day after the relapse. A few days after, he was seized with chills and heat, lassitude, oppression of the heart, headache, nausea, violent thirst, cough and difficulty in breathing; he expectorated blood, commenced to speak deliriously, his face was deadly pale and sunken, the urine was deep red without sediment. Krause against the use of sulphur ointment for the re-appearing itch did not follow his advice, but rubbed himself with it, when he died of constipation in his body, at the autopsy, were found sacs of pus in his abdominal viscera. After the removal of the gout through various remedies the itch broke out, which he drove out through a desiccating bath of tan-bark; an ulcer formed on his stomach, which, as the autopsy showed, hastened his death. At the autopsy in the case of the infant the upper part of the stomach immediately below the orifice was found destroyed by gangrene, and in the second case that part of the duodenum into which the biliary duct and the pancreatic duct empty was found similarly diseased. Upon this the glands behind both of his ears swelled up; the swelling on the left ear passed away of itself, but the right one in five months became monstrously enlarged and about August began to pain him. On the outside the large gland was full of hard knots and without sensitiveness, but internally there was an obtuse pain, especially at night; at the same time he suffered from dyspnoea and obstructed deglutition. All means used to produce suppuration were in vain; it became so large that the patient was suffocated in the year 1762. Little dark bodies floated before her eyes, and these could also be seen from without floating in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of the eye. This induced a humid inflammation of the white of the eye and of the eyelids, with itching and suppuration of the same, and the vision of dark bodies floating before her eyes; this lasted for two years. On the last day a fever broke out with dry cough, tension in the chest, with inclination to vomit. On the following day the fever and the tension of the chest diminished and a sweat broke out, which increased until erysipelas broke out on both legs, and on the following day these passed over into the real itch. Still he, after awhile, passed urine a few times, but only a little, of dark color and attended with pains. At last the whole body swelled up, difficult and slow respiration ensued, and he died on about the twenty-first day after the suppression of the itch. The bladder contained two pounds of urine just as dark, but the abdominal cavity, water, which being held for awhile over the fire thickened into a sort of albumen. These ulcers were finally cured by external applications, when he was seized with dyspnoea and then with dropsy, and from these he died. After using sudorific remedies for six days, large vesicles of itch broke out all over the body. Scarcely was the itch drying off in consequence, when he was seized with chills, heat, dyspnoea and a rattling cough, of which he suffocated on the fourth day. The attacks began with anxiety and headache, and increased with heat, a quick pulse and morning sweats. There was added an unusual sinking of the strength, and delirious speech, anxious tossing about, a sobbing respiration with suffocation - a disease which despite all medicines ended with death. The itch now appeared more violent and the fever passed away, but the child grew thin, and when the itch again dried up there followed diarrhoea, convulsions and soon afterwards death. The abdomen contained much air, and especially the stomach was distended with air, filling half of the abdomen. With much trouble the eruption was brought out again on the skin, and thus his health was restored. Having rubbed with this several times he was, indeed, freed from the eruption, but soon after he was seized with a violent chill, followed by an excessive heat all over the body, vehement thirst, a gasping asthma, sleeplessness, violent trembling all over the body and great lassitude, so that on the fourth day he expired. In one such case the fever lasted seven days, when the eruption of itch re- appeared and stopped the fever. It was driven off, and he enjoyed for two years an apparently good health only he had during this time two attacks of vertigo, which gradually so increased that once after finishing his meal he was seized with such vertigo that he would have fallen to the floor if he had not been supported. He was covered with an icy perspiration, his limbs trembled, all the parts of his body were as dead, and he repeatedly vomited up a sour substance. He indeed retained consciousness, but there always followed heaviness of the head and a drunken stupor. Her menses became irregular, and were often interrupted for ten or even fifteen weeks; she was at the same time constipated. Four years ago during pregnancy she was seized with vertigo, and she would suddenly fall down while standing or walking.

Extracción de alcaloides del opio generic 150mg epivir-hbv with amex, 2003-2007 (continuación) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Alkaloids extracted — Alcaloïdes extraits — Alcaloides extraídos Codeine Thebaine Country Year Morphine Codéine Thébaïne Opium used Morfina Pays Année Codeína Tebaína Opium utilisé País Año Opio utilizado Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Quantité Rendement Quantité Rendement Quantité Rendement Cantidad Rendimiento Cantidad Rendimiento Cantidad Rendimiento (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) Total buy 150 mg epivir-hbv overnight delivery. purchase 100mg epivir-hbv....................... For the purposes of statistical consistency and comparison, the theoretical quantity of morphine originating from concentrate of poppy straw involved in such conversions is calculated by the International Narcotics Control Board and included in the data on the manufacture and utilization of morphine. Dans un souci de cohérence statistique et pour faciliter les comparaisons, l’Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants a calculé la quantité théorique de morphine fabriquée à partir du concentré de paille de pavot ainsi transformé et inclut les chiffres correspondants dans les statistiques relatives à la fabrication et à l’utilisation de morphine. A los efectos de la compatibilidad estadística y la comparación, la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes calcula la cantidad teórica de morfina originada en el concentrado de paja de adormidera que se utiliza en esas transformaciones y la incluye en los datos de fabricación y utilización de morfina. Yugoslava 2006 — — de M acedonia 2007 — — United States of America 2003 43 452 81. Transformación de morfina, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 175 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 179 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 183) 1 Morphine used for conversion Morphine utilisée pour la transformation Morfina utilizada para la transformación Into non- Country Into codeine Into ethylmorphine Into pholcodine Into controlled Year other substances Total Pays En codéine En éthylmorphine En pholcodine morphine Année Morphine drugs En En codeína En etilmorfina En folcodina used País Año manufac- En substances tured d’autres non Total stupéfiants soumises morphine Morphine Yield Yield Yield utilisée fabriquée Amount au contrôle Amount Rende- Rende- Amount Rende- En otros estupefa- En Total Morfina Quantité ment Quantité ment Quantité ment morfina fabricada cientes sustancias Cantidad Rendi- Cantidad Rendi- Rendi- no utilizada Cantidad miento miento miento fiscalizadas (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) Argentina............... Transformación de morfina, 2003-2007 (continuación) 1 Morphine used for conversion Morphine utilisée pour la transformation Morfina utilizada para la transformación Into non- Country Into codeine Into ethylmorphine Into pholcodine Into controlled Year other substances Total Pays En codéine En éthylmorphine En pholcodine morphine Année Morphine drugs En codeína En etilmorfina En folcodina En used País Año manufac- En substances tured d’autres non Total stupéfiants soumises morphine Morphine Yield Yield Yield utilisée fabriquée Amount au contrôle Amount Rende- Rende- Amount Rende- En otros estupefa- En Total Morfina Quantité ment Quantité ment Quantité ment morfina fabricada cientes sustancias Cantidad Rendi- Cantidad Rendi- Rendi- no utilizada Cantidad miento miento miento fiscalizadas (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) Hungary................. Transformación de morfina, 2003-2007 (continuación) 1 Morphine used for conversion Morphine utilisée pour la transformation Morfina utilizada para la transformación Into non- Country Into codeine Into ethylmorphine Into pholcodine Into controlled Year other substances Total Pays En codéine En éthylmorphine En pholcodine morphine Année Morphine drugs En codeína En etilmorfina En folcodina En used País Año manufac- En substances tured d’autres non Total stupéfiants soumises morphine Morphine Yield Yield Yield utilisée fabriquée Amount au contrôle Amount Rende- Rende- Amount Rende- En otros estupefa- En Total Morfina Quantité ment Quantité ment Quantité ment morfina fabricada cientes sustancias Cantidad Rendi- Cantidad Rendi- Rendi- no utilizada Cantidad miento miento miento fiscalizadas (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) Netherlands............. Transformación de morfina, 2003-2007 (continuación) 1 Morphine used for conversion Morphine utilisée pour la transformation Morfina utilizada para la transformación Into non- Country Into codeine Into ethylmorphine Into pholcodine Into controlled Year other substances Total Pays En codéine En éthylmorphine En pholcodine morphine Année Morphine drugs En codeína En etilmorfina En folcodina En used País Año manufac- En substances tured d’autres non Total stupéfiants soumises morphine Morphine Yield Yield Yield utilisée fabriquée Amount au contrôle Amount Rende- Rende- Amount Rende- En otros estupefa- En Total Morfina Quantité ment Quantité ment Quantité ment morfina fabricada cientes sustancias Cantidad Rendi- Cantidad Rendi- Rendi- no utilizada Cantidad miento miento miento fiscalizadas (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) The former Yugoslav Rep. For the purposes of statistical consistency and comparison, the theoretical quantity of morphine originating from concentrate 203 of poppy straw involved in such conversions is calculated by the International Narcotics Control Board and included in the data on the manufacture and utilization of morphine. Dans un souci de cohérence statistique et pour faciliter les comparaisons, l’Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants a calculé la quantité théorique de morphine fabriquée à partir du concentré de paille de pavot ainsi transformé et inclus les chiffres correspondants dans les statistiques relatives à la fabrication et à l’utilisation de morphine. A los efectos de la compatibilidad estadística y la comparación, la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes calcula la cantidad teórica de morfina originada en el concentrado de paja de adormidera que se utiliza en esas transformaciones y la incluye en los datos de fabricación y utilización de morfina. Transformación de tebaína, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 175 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 179 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 183) Thebaine used for conversion Thébaïne utilisée pour la transformation Tebaína utilizada para la transformación Total Thebaine thebaine manu- Into used factured Into non-controlled Total Into Thébaïne other drugs buprenorphinea substances thébaïne fabriquée Into oxycodone Into hydrocodone En substances utilisée En d’autres En Tebaína En oxycodone En hydrocodone stupéfiants buprénorphinea non soumises Total Country Year fabricada au contrôle tebaína Pays Année En oxicodona En hidrocodona En otros En utilizada estupefa- buprenorfinaa En sustancias País Año cientes no fiscalizadas Yield Yield Rende- Rende- Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount ment ment Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Rendi- Rendi- Cantidad Cantidad miento Cantidad miento Cantidad Cantidad Cantidad Cantidad (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Argentina............. Transformación de tebaína, 2003-2007 (continuación) Thebaine used for conversion Thébaïne utilisée pour la transformation Tebaína utilizada para la transformación Total Thebaine thebaine manu- Into used factured Into non-controlled Total Into Thébaïne other drugs buprenorphinea substances thébaïne fabriquée Into oxycodone Into hydrocodone En substances utilisée En d’autres En Tebaína En oxycodone En hydrocodone stupéfiants buprénorphinea non soumises Total Country Year fabricada au contrôle tebaína Pays Année En oxicodona En hidrocodona En otros En utilizada estupefa- buprenorfinaa En sustancias País Año cientes no fiscalizadas Yield Yield Rende- Rende- Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount ment ment Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Rendi- Rendi- Cantidad Cantidad miento Cantidad miento Cantidad Cantidad Cantidad Cantidad (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Hungary............... Transformación de tebaína, 2003-2007 (continuación) Thebaine used for conversion Thébaïne utilisée pour la transformation Tebaína utilizada para la transformación Total Thebaine thebaine manu- Into used factured Into non-controlled Total Into Thébaïne other drugs buprenorphinea substances thébaïne fabriquée Into oxycodone Into hydrocodone En substances utilisée En d’autres En Tebaína En oxycodone En hydrocodone stupéfiants buprénorphinea non soumises Total Country Year fabricada au contrôle tebaína Pays Année En oxicodona En hidrocodona En otros En utilizada estupefa- buprenorfinaa En sustancias País Año cientes no fiscalizadas Yield Yield Rende- Rende- Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount ment ment Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Quantité Rendi- Rendi- Cantidad Cantidad miento Cantidad miento Cantidad Cantidad Cantidad Cantidad (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) United Kingdom......... Fabricación de los principales estupefacientes, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 175 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 179 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 184) Opium alkaloids and their derivatives Synthetic opioids Alcaloïdes de l’opium et leurs dérivés Opioïdes synthétiques Alcaloides del opio y sus derivados Opioides sintéticos Country Year Dihydro- Dextropro- Ethyl- Pays Année a codeine poxyphene Codeine Thebaine Buprenorphine morphine Diphenoxylate Methadone Pethidine Morphine a Dihydro- Hydrocodone Oxycodone Pholcodine Dextropro- País Año Codéine Thébaïne Buprénorphine Éthyl- Diphénoxylate Méthadone Péthidine Morfina codéine morphine Hidrocodona Oxicodona Folcodina poxyphène Codeína Tebaína Buprenorfinaa Difenoxilato Metadona Petidina Dihidro- Dextropro- codeína Etilmorfina poxifeno (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Argentina.................. Fabricación de los principales estupefacientes, 2003-2007 (continuación) Opium alkaloids and their derivatives Synthetic opioids Alcaloïdes de l’opium et leurs dérivés Opioïdes synthétiques Alcaloides del opio y sus derivados Opioides sintéticos Country Year Dihydro- Dextropro- Ethyl- Pays Année a codeine poxyphene Codeine Thebaine Buprenorphine morphine Diphenoxylate Methadone Pethidine Morphine a Dihydro- Hydrocodone Oxycodone Pholcodine Dextropro- País Año Codéine Thébaïne Buprénorphine Éthyl- Diphénoxylate Méthadone Péthidine Morfina codéine morphine Hidrocodona Oxicodona Folcodina poxyphène Codeína Tebaína Buprenorfinaa Difenoxilato Metadona Petidina Dihidro- Dextropro- codeína Etilmorfina poxifeno (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Israel..................... Yugoslava 2006 1 480 1 244 — — — — — — 78 — — — — de M acedonia 2007 1 344 1 290 — — — — — — 121 — — 100 — Turkey.................... Fabricación de los principales estupefacientes, 2003-2007 (continuación) Opium alkaloids and their derivatives Synthetic opioids Alcaloïdes de l’opium et leurs dérivés Opioïdes synthétiques Alcaloides del opio y sus derivados Opioides sintéticos Country Year Dihydro- Dextropro- Ethyl- Pays Année a codeine poxyphene Codeine Thebaine Buprenorphine morphine Diphenoxylate Methadone Pethidine Morphine a Dihydro- Hydrocodone Oxycodone Pholcodine Dextropro- País Año Codéine Thébaïne Buprénorphine Éthyl- Diphénoxylate Méthadone Péthidine Morfina codéine morphine Hidrocodona Oxicodona Folcodina poxyphène Codeína Tebaína Buprenorfinaa Difenoxilato Metadona Petidina Dihidro- Dextropro- codeína Etilmorfina poxifeno (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) UnitedKingdom............ For the purposes of statistical consistency and comparison, the theoretical quantity of morphine originating from concentrate of poppy straw involved in such conversions is calculated by the International Narcotics Control Board and included in the data on the manufacture and utilization of morphine. Dans un souci de cohérence statistique et pour faciliter les comparaisons, l’Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants a calculé la quantité théorique de morphine fabriquée à partir du concentré de paille de pavot ainsi transformé et inclus les chiffres correspondants dans les statistiques relatives à la fabrication et à l’utilisation de morphine. A los efectos de la compatibilidad estadística y la comparación, la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes calcula la cantidad teórica de morfina originada en el concentrado de paja de adormidera que se utiliza en esas transformaciones y la incluye en los datos de fabricación y utilización de morfina. M anufacture of other narcotic drugs: derivatives of opium alkaloids, 2003-2007 Tableau X. Fabrication des autres stupéfiants: dérivés des alcaloïdes de l’opium, 2003-2007 Cuadro X. Fabricación de otros estupefacientes: derivados de los alcaloides del opio, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 175 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 179 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 184) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Drug — Stupéfiant — Estupefaciente (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Acetyldihydrocodeine — Acétyldihydrocodéine — Acetildihidrocodeína. Fabricación de otros estupefacientes: opioides sintéticos, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 175 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 179 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 184) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Drug — Stupéfiant — Estupefaciente (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) Alfentanil — Alfentanilo. Producción, uso, importaciones y exportaciones de hoja de coca y fabricación de cocaína, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 176 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 180 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 184) Coca leaf — Feuille de coca — Hoja de coca Seized Cocaine manufactured — Cocaïne fabriquée — Cocaína fabricada material used for cocaine manufacture Produits saisis From seized material From coca leaf utilisés pour À partir de produits saisis À partir de la feuille de coca Country Year Utilization Imports Exports la fabrication de cocaïne A partir de productos confiscados De hoja de coca Production Pays Année Utilisation Importations Exportations Total Producción Productos País Año Utilización Importaciones Exportaciones confiscados Amount Yield Amount Yield utilizados para Quantité la fabricación Rendement Quantité Rendement de cocaína Cantidad Rendimiento Cantidad Rendimiento (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (%) (kg) (%) (kg) Belgium................... Bosnie-Herzégovine 2004 55 — — — 2 — 4 — — 3 — — — Bosnia y Herzegovina 2005 44 — — — 4 — 7 — — 4 — — — 2006? Popular Lao 2005 < < — — — — — — — — — < < — — 2006 < < — — — < < — — — — — 2 — — 2007 — — — < < < < — — — — — 3 — — Latvia........................ Santa Lucía 2005 < < — — — < < — — — — — < < — — 2006 < < — — — < < — — — — — 1 — — 2007 1 — — — < < — — — — < < 1 — — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Tadjikistan 2004 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Tayikistán 2005 — — — — < < — — — — — — — — 2006 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2007 < < — — — < < — — — — — — — — Thailand...................... Yugoslava 2006 1 240 — — — < < — 51 — — 3 — — — de M acedonia 2007 1 155 — — — < < — 101 — — 26 — — — Togo......................... Bolivariana de) 2005 661 — 95 — 5 21 — — 20 2 1 — — 2006 556 — 81 — 2 1 — — — 4 — — — 2007 386 — 23 — 6 3 — — 16 2 12 — — VietN am..................... Expressed in terms of the anhydrous morphine alkaloid, the quantities of concentrate of poppy straw utilized were 8,002 kg in 2003, 6,656 kg in 2004, in 2005, 5,893 kg, in 2006, 6,993 kg and 6,826 kg in 2007. Exprimées en équivalent morphine anhydre, les quantités de concentré de paille de pavot utilisées ont été de 8 002 kg en 2003, 6 656 kg en 2004, 5 893 kg en 2005, 6 993 kg en 2006 et 6 826 kg en 2007. Los volúmenes de concentrado de paja de ador- midera, expresados en términos de alcaloide morfínico anhidro, fueron los siguientes: 8. Consumo de otros estupefacientes: fentanilo, principales análogos del fentanilo y la piritramida, 2003-2007 (For the explanatory notes to this table, see page 176 — Pour les notes explicatives à ce tableau, voir page 180 — Para las notas explicativas sobre este cuadro, véase página 184) Fentanyl Alfentanil Remifentanil Sufentanil Country or non-metropolitan territory Year Piritramide Rémifentanil Pays ou territoire non métropolitain Année Fentanilo Alfentanilo Sufentanilo Piritramida Remifentanilo País o territorio no metropolitano Año (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) A lbania.................................... Consumo de otros estupefacientes: fentanilo, principales análogos del fentanilo y la piritramida, 2003-2007 (continuación) Fentanyl Alfentanil Remifentanil Sufentanil Country or non-metropolitan territory Year Piritramide Rémifentanil Pays ou territoire non métropolitain Année Fentanilo Alfentanilo Sufentanilo Piritramida Remifentanilo País o territorio no metropolitano Año (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) Australia................................... Consumo de otros estupefacientes: fentanilo, principales análogos del fentanilo y la piritramida, 2003-2007 (continuación) Fentanyl Alfentanil Remifentanil Sufentanil Country or non-metropolitan territory Year Piritramide Rémifentanil Pays ou territoire non métropolitain Année Fentanilo Alfentanilo Sufentanilo Piritramida Remifentanilo País o territorio no metropolitano Año (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) Benin..................................... Consumo de otros estupefacientes: fentanilo, principales análogos del fentanilo y la piritramida, 2003-2007 (continuación) Fentanyl Alfentanil Remifentanil Sufentanil Country or non-metropolitan territory Year Piritramide Rémifentanil Pays ou territoire non métropolitain Année Fentanilo Alfentanilo Sufentanilo Piritramida Remifentanilo País o territorio no metropolitano Año (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) BurkinaFaso............................... Consumo de otros estupefacientes: fentanilo, principales análogos del fentanilo y la piritramida, 2003-2007 (continuación) Fentanyl Alfentanil Remifentanil Sufentanil Country or non-metropolitan territory Year Piritramide Rémifentanil Pays ou territoire non métropolitain Année Fentanilo Alfentanilo Sufentanilo Piritramida Remifentanilo País o territorio no metropolitano Año (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) Chile...................................... Consumo de otros estupefacientes: fentanilo, principales análogos del fentanilo y la piritramida, 2003-2007 (continuación) Fentanyl Alfentanil Remifentanil Sufentanil Country or non-metropolitan territory Year Piritramide Rémifentanil Pays ou territoire non métropolitain Année Fentanilo Alfentanilo Sufentanilo Piritramida Remifentanilo País o territorio no metropolitano Año (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) Croatia....................................