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Suffering from several or from a greater number of these ailments (even at various times and frequently) 10mg metoclopramide visa, a person will still consider himself as healthy generic 10mg metoclopramide otc, and is supposed to be so by others cheap metoclopramide 10mg free shipping. He may also lead a quite endurable life in such a state, and without much hindrance, attend to his business as long as he is young or still in his vigorous years, and so long as he does not suffer any particular mishap from without, has a satisfactory income, does not live in vexation or grief, does not overexert himself; but especially if he is of quite a cheerful, equable, patient, contented, disposition. With such persons the psora (internal itch malady), which may be recognized by a connoisseur by means of a few or by more of the above symptoms, may slumber on for many years within, without causing any continuing chronic disease. This is mostly wont to happen in fall or winter, but often also by preference in springtime. But even where a person, whether a child or an adult, who has the psora slumbering within him, shows much semblance of health, but happens upon the opposite of the above-described favorable conditions of life, when his health and whole organism have been very much weakened and shaken by a prevalent epidemic fever or an infectious acute disease,* smallpox, measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever, purple rash, etc , or through an external severe lesion, a shock, a fall, a wound, a considerable burn, the breaking of an arm or a leg, a hard labor, the confinement due to a disease (usually helped on by the incorrect and weakening Allopathic treatment), confinement at a sedentary occupation in a gloomy, close room, weakening the vital force; the sad losses of beloved relatives bending down the soul with grief, or daily vexation and annoyance which embitter the life; deterioration of the food or an entire want of what is necessary and indispensable, exposure and inferior food beating down manÕs courage and strength; then the, psora, which has hitherto slumbered, awakes and shows itself in the heightened and augmented symptoms enumerated below, in its transition to the formation of severe maladies; one or another of the nameless (psoric) chronic diseases breaks out and most of all through weakening and exhausting improper treatment by allopathic physicians, they are aggravate from time to time without intermission, often to a fearful height, if external circumstances favorable for the patient do not interpose, and cause a moderation in the process of the malady. This the physicians explain as a new generation of itch in this individual body replete with bad humors (scilicet), since they know nothing of a psora in man which may be quiescent for a long period. But the itch-disease cannot now be generated or arise or be created anew of itself, just as no smallpox or cow-pox, no measles, no venereal chancre disease, etc. A passionate, peevish disposition gives an extraordinary predisposition to the development of the psora; so also previous exhaustion through frequent pregnancies, excessive nursing of infants, extraordinary hardships, exhausting erroneous medical treatment, debauchery, and a profligate mode of living. The internal itch-disease is, as before mentioned, of such a peculiar nature that it may remain, as it were, tied down and covered up for a long through external favorable surroundings, so that a man may seem to the superficial observer healthy for years, even for many years, until circumstances unfavorable to the body or the soul, or to both, may arise, and serve as a hostile impulse to awaken the disease slumbering within and thus develop its germs. His acquaintances and his physician, yea, the patient himself, can not then comprehend how his health could so suddenly fall into a decline. To bring some examples for explanation from my own experience: After a simple fracture of a limb attended with confinement to bed for five or six weeks, there may follow diseased conditions of another kind, the cause of which cannot be guessed, which diseased condition, even when measurably removed, nevertheless returns, and which even without any error in diet nevertheless at their return show aggravation. This is mostly the case in fall (winter) and spring and becomes a tedious ailment increasing from year to year, a lasting cure for which, without the substitution of a still worse disease for it by an allopathic cure, has been hitherto vainly sought for in the councils of former physicians and also in visits to mineral springs. There are in manÕs life innumerable stumbling-blocks or unfavorable occurrences of this kind which serve to awaken the psora (the internal itch- disease) which till then has been slumbering (perhaps for a long time previously) and which cause its germs to develop. They are often of such a nature that the grave evils which gradually follow on them are out of all proportion to them, so that no rational man can consider those occurrences as sufficient causes for the chronic diseases which follow and which are often of a fearful character. But such a man is compelled to acknowledge a deeper seated hostile cause of these appearances, which cause has only now developed itself. In a few weeks, however, her youthful constitution had pretty well recovered, and she might have been of a speedy return to lasting good health, when the announcement of the dangerous illness of a beloved sister, living at a distance, threw her back and augmented her former ailments, which had not yet been quite removed, by the addition of a multitude of nervous disorders and convulsions, thus turning them into a serious illness. But the sick young wife still remains sick, and even if she seems to recover for a week or two, her ailments nevertheless return without any apparent cause. Every succeeding confinement, even when quite easy, every hard winter, adds new ailments to the old, or the former disorders change into others still more troublesome, so that at last there ensues a serious chronic illness though no one can see why the full vigor of youth, attended by happy external surroundings, should not have soon wiped out the consequence of that one miscarriage; still less can it be explained why the unfortunate impression of those sad tidings should not have disappeared, on hearing of the recovery of her sister, or at least on the actual presence of her sister fully restored. In a similar manner, a robust merchant, apparently healthy, despite some traces of internal psoral perceptible only to the professional examiner, may in consequence of unlucky commercial conjunctures become involved in his finances, even so as to approach bankruptcy, and at the same time he will fall gradually into various ailments and finally into serious illness. The death of a rich kinsman, however, and the gaining of a great prize in a lottery, abundantly cover his commercial losses; he becomes a man of means - but his illness, nevertheless, not only continues but increases from year to year, despite all medical prescriptions, in spite of his visiting the most famous baths, or rather, perhaps, with the assistance of these two causes. A modest girl, who, excepting some signs of internal psora, was accounted quite healthy, was compelled into a marriage which made her unhappy of soul, and in the same degree her bodily health declined, without any trace of venereal infection. No allopathic medicine alleviates her sad ailments, which continually grow more threatening. But in the midst of this aggravation, after one yearÕs suffering, the cause of her unhappiness, her hated husband, is taken from her by death, and she seems to revive, in the conviction, that she is now delivered from every occasion of mental or bodily illness, and hopes for a speedy recovery; all her friends hope the same for her, as the exciting cause of her illness lies in the grave. She also improves speedily, but unexpectedly she still remained an invalid, despite the vigor of her youth; yea, her ailments but seldom leave her, and are renewed from time to time without any external cause, and they are even aggravated from year to year in the rough months. A person who had been unjustly suspected and become involved in a serious criminal suit, and who had before seemed healthy, with the exception of the marks of latent psora mentioned above, during these harassing months fell into various diseased states. But finally the innocence of the accused is acknowledged, and an honorable acquittal followed. We might suppose that such a happy, gratifying event would necessarily give new life to the accused and remove all bodily complaints. But this does not take place, the person still at times suffers from these ailments, and they are even renewed with longer or briefer intermissions, and are aggravated with the passing years, especially in the wintry seasons. If that disagreeable event had been the cause, the sufficient cause, of these ailments, ought not the effect; i. But these ailments do not cease, they are in time renewed and even gradually aggravated, and it becomes evident that those disagreeable events could not have been the sufficient cause of the present ailments and complaints - it is seen that they only served as an occasion and impetus toward the development, of a malady, which till then only slumbered within. The recognition of this old internal foe, which is so frequently present, and the science which is able to overcome it, make it manifest, that generally an indwelling itch (psora) was the ground of all these ailments, which can not be overcome even by the vigor of the best constitution, but only through art. When once, under the above-mentioned unfavorable outward surroundings, the transition of the psora from its slumbering and bound condition to its awakening and outbreak has taken place, and the patient leaves himself to the injurious activity of the usual allopathic physician, who deems it appropriate to his office and his income to mercilessly assault the organism of the patient (as we are sorry to witness every day) with the battering-rams of his violent, inappropriate remedies and weakening treatments; - in such a case, the external circumstances of the patient and his situation with respect to his surroundings may have changed ever so favorably, but the aggravation of the disease nevertheless proceeds under such hands without any escape. The awakening of the internal psora which has hitherto slumbered and been latent, and, as it were, kept bound by a good bodily constitution and favorable external circumstances, as well as its breaking out into more serious ailments and maladies, is announced by the increase of the symptoms given above as indicating the slumbering psora, and also by a numberless multitude of various other signs and complaints. These are varied according to the difference in the bodily constitution of a man, his hereditary disposition, the various errors in his education and habits, his manner of living and diet, his employments, his turn of mind, his morality, etc. Then when the itch-malady develops into a manifest secondary disease there appear the following symptoms, which I have derived and observed altogether from accounts of diseases which I myself have treated successfully and which confessedly originated from the contagion of itch, and were mixed neither with syphilis nor sycosis. I would only add further, that among the symptoms adduced there are also such as are entirely opposed to each other, the reason of which may be found in the varying bodily constitutions existing at the time - when the outbreak of the internal psora occurred. Yet the one variety of symptoms is found more rarely than the other and it offers no particular obstruction to a cure: Vertigo; reeling while walking. Vertigo; when closing the eyes, everything seems to turn around with him; he is at the same time seized with nausea. Vertigo, as if there was a jerk in the head, which causes a momentary loss of consciousness. Vertigo; she seems to herself now too large, now too small, or other objects have this appearance to her.

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Ipecac is of value in coughs when there is a deficient secretion generic 10mg metoclopramide amex, whatever the cause discount metoclopramide 10mg otc. Emetic doses are not desirable if the agent is to be continued Ellingwood’s American Materia Medica discount 10mg metoclopramide, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy - Page 109 for a length of time. It has been beneficial in spasmodic asthma, whooping cough and in laryngismus stridulus. This agent is advised in irritation of the bowels resulting in acute inflammation. In small doses it is given with good results in cholera infantum and in diarrheas, but is of no benefit beyond the acute stage. While ipecac has been known as a cure for certain forms of dysentery for more than a century, the use of its active principle emetine as a cure for amebic dysentery is just now coming into prominence. Our writers have always advised ipecac for this disease, but not all have given it in sufficiently large doses. Administered now in the form of alcresta ipecac or emetine hypodermically, the cures are prompt and highly satisfactory. In fact, the remedy is already being classed with quinine for malaria, and antitoxin for diphtheria, as one of the great specifies. If the dysenteric tenesmus is relieved with prompt doses of gelsemium— and we have a no more efficient remedy in the materia medica for this condition than that agent—the beneficial effects of the ipecac upon the local inflammatory processes will be more plainly marked. Recent observers in the general hospital in Calcutta, India, have found that large doses of ipecac have most beneficial effects in amebic hepatitis and hepatic abscess. If the diagnosis be made before the formation of pus, this is prevented by the agent. It should be given when the patient suffers with a general feeling of lassitude, foul tongue, pain in the right shoulder and in the right hypochondrium. Ipecac is given in these cases in single large doses, usually from twenty to thirty grains, given at least two hours after eating and best taken at bedtime. Frazier claims that ipecac in large doses is an excellent addition to the treatment of typhoid fever. In five cases where he used it, the temperature dropped suddenly so that within four days it was normal. In the earlier stages he gave thirty grains on the first day; twenty-five the next; twenty the next and so on down until ten. Ellingwood’s American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy - Page 110 The successful use of this common remedy, in the treatment of epilepsy has been reported, since our first edition. Persistent cases have been treated, with ten minim doses of a strong fluid extract, increased to forty minims. The action of emetine or alcresta ipecac should be at once determined for the above conditions. It is given by some physicians in small doses for this purpose, and by others in full doses to prompt emesis. It has controlled postpartum hemorrhage, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, epistaxis and hmmoptysis, and will exercise a beneficial influence in hematuria. Specific Symptomatology—The most direct indication for the use of this agent is a dragging sensation in the extreme lower abdomen, and inclination to pull up, to hold up, or support the abdominal pelvic contents. In women suffering from pelvic engorgement and uterine prolapsus, with disordered menstruation, one drop of the tincture or fluid extract every two or three hours will relieve that sensation permanently. Therapy—Homeopathists believe helonias to be particularly suitable for female disorders, where there is feeble constitution, where the nervous system is weakened and the patient is easily fatigued. It is peculiarly Ellingwood’s American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy - Page 111 tonic. Where disorders of the stomach are present with uterine or kidney disease, it should exercise a direct action. Where malpositions occur from weakness—loss of tone—where there is dragging sensation constantly present in the lower abdomen, or at the menstrual epoch, it is directly indicated. For the case of the worn mother who watches over the care of her charge, as well as for the young girl budding into womanhood, carefully and properly selected, this remedy will certainly give satisfactory results. It is a pure and active restorative; is nutritious and promotes secretion; it promotes normal activity of the glandular organs. When glandular action is prevented, from the influence of uterine or renal disease, it is especially serviceable. It will cure amenorrhea, menorrhagia, some cases of leucorrhea, and the dragging down sensations in the lower abdomen, which results from simple displacements. It will also relieve erratic pains of stomach and gastric disorders which depend upon or accompany this condition. If these disorders are present with threatened abortion, the remedy should be combined with viburnum, and both be given in full doses to prevent that condition. It, however, works more perfectly in combination with aletris farinosa and cimicifuga in atonic conditions, while caulophyllum and viburnum act best where irritable conditions are present. In addition, it is a general tonic improving the character of all the organs in their functional operations, and especially improving the tone of the digestive apparatus. It is a liver remedy of rare value, in many cases accomplishing most satisfactory results when there is deficient or perverted action. Ellingwood’s American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy - Page 112 Munn of Connecticut used it for many years with very satisfactory results. From another observation its influence would be improved in certain cases by the addition of phytolacca and where there is marked toxemia by echinacea. If the sensation of dragging and weight occurs in the male from cystic disorder, the relief is fully as satisfactory. The general action of the agent in these cases is that of a tonic to the genito-urinary apparatus. It quickly overcomes the phosphatic diathesis, and in urinary irritability is serviceable, especially if from atonic causes.

Among 104 labetolol- versus methyldopa-treated women with pregnancy-induced hypertension metoclopramide 10 mg overnight delivery, labetolol caused fewer side effects than methyldopa (el-Qarmalawi et al generic 10 mg metoclopramide. Labetolol is the agent of choice to blunt the hypertensive response to endotracheal intubation cheap 10 mg metoclopramide visa, with few maternal, fetal or neonatal side effects (Cheek and Samuels, 1996). No studies on the use of these agents during the first trimester of pregnancy are published. No increase in adverse maternal or fetal effects, includ- ing no significant differences in birth weight, were reported in 120 women treated with atenolol or placebo during pregnancy (Rubin et al. Similarly, no adverse fetal effects or pregnancy outcomes associated with metoprolol or metprolol/hydralazine treat- ment in second and third trimesters of pregnancy were noted (Sundstrom, 1978). Breastfeeding is allowed during maternal therapy with either metoprolol or atenolol (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994), despite a case report of toxicity in a neonate whose mother was receiving atenolol while breastfeeding (Schmimmel et al. Neonatal hemodynamic adaptation failure occurred in five of 11 infants whose mothers were treated with aceb- utolol during pregnancy (Yassen et al. It seems unlikely that this drug is associ- ated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. Among 51 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension randomized to Antihypertensives 61 hydralazine, hydralazine and propranolol, or hydralazine and pindolol, pindolol was associated with fewer maternal and fetal side effects (Paran et al. However, infants born to mothers who received propranolol had smaller birth weights. In a com- parative study of atenolol or pindolol on uterine/fetal hemodynamics and fetal cardiac function, investigators found that pindolol was preferable to atenolol for the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension based upon maternal and fetal cardiovascular func- tion (Rasanen and Jouppila, 1995). No increase in congenital malformations was noted in the offspring of pregnant mice who received up to 150 mg/kg. Also, no increase in the frequency of malformations was found among the offspring of rats, rabbits, and hamsters that had received nadolol in doses several times higher than the usual human dose (Sibley et al. No increased frequency of adverse fetal effects was found in the offspring of mice treated with penbutolol (Sugisaki et al. No epidemiologic studies of the frequency of congenital anomalies and cloni- dine use during early pregnancy have been published. Anecdotal case reports of clonidine use during pregnancy suggest no adverse fetal effects (Horvath et al. Head size and neurologic examination of 22 children whose mothers received clonidine during pregnancy were normal (Huisjes et al. One rat teratology study found no increased frequency of birth defects (Angelova et al. Clonidine is probably not associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies when used therapeutically. An oral form of this drug (Proglycem) is also used to treat hypoglycemia secondary to hyperinsulin- ism. An anecdotal case report of abnormalities of body and scalp hair, including alopecia, in four neonates of women who received oral diazoxide during the last trimester of pregnancy has been published (Milner and Chonskey, 1972). Maternal diazoxide therapy was also reportedly associated with hyperglycemia in the neonate (Milsap and Auld, 1980). Pancreatic islet cell damage was found in the offspring of sheep and goats treated with intravenous diazoxide (Boulos et al. It is also used to induce hypotension during certain types of 62 Cardiovascular drugs during pregnancy Box 3. No epidemiological studies of congenital anomalies in association with nitroprusside use during pregnancy have been published. Nitroprusside was reported to be associated with cyanide toxicity in animals (Lewis et al. Nonetheless, it is prudent to avoid use of nitroprusside during pregnancy because of the theoretical accumulation of cyanide in the fetal liver. Chronic use of sodium nitroprus- side is logically associated with a much higher risk than acute usage. Three basic categories of diuretics are: (1) loop diuretics; (2) potassium-sparing diuretics; and (3) thiazide diuretics. Loop diuretics Loop diuretics act primarily by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption by the loop of Henle. No increase in malformations was found in offspring of animals receiving several times the usual adult human dose of bumetanide (McClain and Dammers, 1981). Diuretics given after the first trimester of pregnancy may inter- fere with normal plasma volume expansion. An adverse effect on plasma volume, no improvement in perinatal outcome (Sibai et al. Furosemide also displaces bilirubin from albumin, increasing the risk for fetal hyper- bilirubinemia (Turmen et al. In animal studies, furosemide exposure in preg- nancy was associated with an increase in fetal loss and skeletal anomalies in offspring (Godde and Grote, 1975; Mallie et al. Furosemide crosses the placenta and assists in assessing fetal urinary tract obstruction and fetal urine production (Barrett et al. Potassium-sparing diuretics Potassium-sparing diuretics include amiloride, spironolactone, and triamterene, and result in sodium and water loss while sparing potassium. Spironolactone is a competi- tive inhibitor of aldosterone, while ameloride and triamterene function at the level of the collecting tubules. No increase in malformations in offspring of pregnant hamsters that received small doses of ameloride was found (Storch and Layton, 1973).

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